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Head and Neck Cancers

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer

Understanding Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and early detection is key to effective treatment and better outcomes. While it primarily affects women, it can also occur in men.

Types of Breast Cancer

  • Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS):A non-invasive form contained within the milk ducts.
  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC):The most common type; spreads beyond the ducts.
  • Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC):Originates in the milk-producing lobules.
  • Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC):Lacks hormone receptors, often more aggressive.
  • HER2-Positive Breast Cancer:Overexpresses the HER2 protein, treatable with targeted therapy.
  • Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC):A rare and aggressive cancer causing swelling and redness.
  • Paget’s Disease of the Nipple:Affects the skin of the nipple, often with underlying cancer.
Risk Factors
  • BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations
  • Family history of breast cancer
  • Age over 50
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Early menstruation or late menopause
  • Obesity, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle
Symptoms to Watch For
  • A lump in the breast or underarm
  • Changes in breast size, shape, or appearance
  • Skin dimpling or redness
  • Nipple discharge or inversion
  • Persistent breast pain or swelling
Diagnosis
  • Self & Clinical Exams:Early detection through regular checks.
  • Mammography:X-ray imaging to identify abnormal growths.
  • Ultrasound & MRI:Further evaluation of suspicious areas.
  • Biopsy:Confirms cancer through tissue sample analysis.
Treatment Options
  • Surgery:Lumpectomy (breast-conserving) or mastectomy.
  • Radiation Therapy:Targets remaining cancer cells post-surgery.
  • Chemotherapy:Shrinks tumors or treats advanced cancer.
  • Hormonal Therapy:Blocks hormones that fuel cancer growth.
  • Targeted Therapy:Drugs like Herceptin for HER2-positive cases.
  • Immunotherapy:Especially used for triple-negative breast cancer.
Follow-up & Recovery

 

Ongoing monitoring, reconstructive surgery options, and emotional support are essential parts of survivorship care. Regular follow-up helps detect recurrence early.

 

Prevention and Early Detection
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle
  • Limit alcohol intake
  • Regular screenings starting from age 40 or earlier if high risk
  • Genetic testing for those with a strong family history
Take Charge of Your Breast Health

If you notice unusual breast changes or have a family history of breast cancer, consult a specialist promptly. Early detection and the right care can save lives.