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Head and Neck Cancers

Gynaecological Malignancies

Gynaecological Malignancies

Understanding Gynaecological Cancers

Gynaecological malignancies are cancers that start in a woman’s reproductive organs. These include cancers of the cervix, ovaries, uterus (endometrial), vulva, and vagina. Early detection and regular screenings are crucial in improving outcomes.

Common Types of Gynaecological Cancer

  • Cervical Cancer:Often caused by persistent HPV infection; preventable through vaccination and screening.
  • Ovarian Cancer:Known as the “silent killer” due to vague early symptoms.
  • Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer:Affects the lining of the uterus; commonly presents with abnormal bleeding.
  • Vulvar Cancer:Develops on the outer surface of the female genitals; often linked to HPV.
  • Vaginal Cancer:Rare, usually occurs in older women, and is often HPV-related.
Risk Factors
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection
  • Family history of gynaecological cancers
  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Obesity
  • Early menstruation or late menopause
  • Never having been pregnant
Symptoms to Watch For
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain
  • Bloating or a feeling of fullness
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Changes in bowel or bladder habits
  • Itching or burning in the vulvar area
Diagnosis
  • Pelvic Examination:Routine check-up to feel for abnormalities.
  • Pap Smear & HPV Testing:Detects cervical precancer and cancer.
  • Transvaginal Ultrasound:Visualizes ovaries, uterus, and pelvic organs.
  • Biopsy:Confirms diagnosis by sampling abnormal tissue.
  • Imaging Tests:CT, MRI, and PET scans to evaluate spread.
Treatment Options
  • Surgery:Hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or radical vulvectomy depending on cancer type.
  • Radiation Therapy:Often used post-surgery or as a standalone treatment.
  • Chemotherapy:Used in advanced stages or recurrent cancers.
  • Targeted Therapy:Effective in some ovarian and endometrial cancers.
  • Hormonal Therapy:Especially for certain uterine cancers.
Prevention and Screening
  • HPV vaccination starting in adolescence
  • Routine Pap smears and pelvic exams
  • Maintain a healthy weight and lifestyle
  • Genetic counseling and testing if high risk (e.g., BRCA mutations)
Prioritize Your Gynaecological Health

Be proactive about your reproductive health. Regular checkups, early intervention, and awareness can significantly improve survival and quality of life.