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Head and Neck Cancers

Head and Neck Cancers

Head and Neck cancer

Types

  • Oral Cancer:Affects lips, gums, tongue, and roof or floor of the mouth.
  • Oropharyngeal Cancer:Involves the back of the throat, tonsils, and base of the tongue.
  • Laryngeal Cancer:Originates in the voice box, affecting vocal function.
  • Nasopharyngeal Cancer:Found in the upper throat behind the nose.
  • Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer:Arises in the hollow spaces around the nose.
  • Salivary Gland Cancer:A rare cancer in glands that produce saliva.
Risk Factors
  • Tobacco use (smoking or smokeless)
  • Heavy alcohol consumption
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
  • Occupational exposure to chemicals or dust
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Age over 50 and male gender
Symptoms to Watch For
  • Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
  • A lump or sore that doesn’t heal
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Ear pain or hearing loss
  • Nasal congestion or frequent nosebleeds
  • Facial pain, jaw swelling, or unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis
  • Physical Exam:Evaluation of the mouth, throat, and neck.
  • Imaging Tests:X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans to visualize tumors.
  • Endoscopy:Flexible scope examination of nasal passages and throat.
  • Biopsy:Tissue sample to confirm cancer diagnosis.
  • Blood Tests & Tumor Markers:Where applicable.
Treatment Options
  • Surgery:Removal of the tumor while preserving key functions.
  • Radiation Therapy:Precision targeting of cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy:Medication to shrink or destroy tumors.
  • Targeted Therapy:Attacks specific cancer cell markers.
  • Immunotherapy:Helps the immune system fight cancer.
  • Supportive Care:Speech and swallowing therapy, nutrition support.
Prognosis & Follow-up

The outcome varies based on cancer type, stage, and response to treatment. Lifestyle changes like quitting tobacco and limiting alcohol play a vital role in recovery and recurrence prevention.

Early detection saves lives

Don’t ignore persistent symptoms. Early intervention can greatly improve outcomes. Contact us for a comprehensive consultation and personalized treatment plan.